Pre-Islamic Arabian Transformation: From Jahiliyyah Society to an Emerging Islamic Civilization

Abstract

This article explores the transformation of Arabian society from the era commonly labeled as Jahiliyyah to the emergence of a new Islamic civilization in the seventh century. Rather than viewing the pre-Islamic period solely as an age of ignorance, this study highlights its complex social structures, cultural expressions, and tribal networks that became the foundation for later developments. Using a qualitative historical approach, the research examines classical sources, archaeological findings, and contemporary scholarly interpretations to analyze the cultural, religious, and political shifts that occurred with the coming of Islam. The findings show that the transition was neither abrupt nor merely theological; instead, it involved a gradual reorientation of values, social norms, and institutional practices. Islam introduced a unifying moral framework, strengthened communal identity, and reshaped concepts of leadership, justice, and social responsibility. These changes enabled Arabian society to evolve from fragmented tribal affiliations into a more cohesive and morally grounded community. The article concludes that the rise of Islam marked a significant civilizational shift, transforming a society with limited literacy, internal conflict, and localized traditions into a dynamic and influential culture that contributed greatly to the intellectual and political history of the world