The Ontology of the Self in QS. An-Nisā’ Verse 1: Reinterpretation of the Concept of Human Origins and Its Anthropological Impact

Abstract

The term nafs wāḥidah in QS. An-Nisā’ [4]:1 is a key concept in understanding the origins of humans and the foundation of social relations according to the Qur’an. The meaning of this term developed in the tradition of interpretation: some classical commentators interpreted it as Adam, while modern thinkers view it as the universal principle of humanity. This study attempts to re-explain the ontological meaning of nafs wāḥidah through semantic studies, comparative studies of various interpretations, and a thematic approach to verses related to the process of human creation. The research findings indicate that nafs wāḥidah is more appropriately understood as a concept that describes the basic unity of humans and an initial entity that encompasses both physical and spiritual aspects and does not only refer to the first historical human figure. This new understanding confirms that the Qur’an views all humans as originating from the same source, so that every individual has equal value and dignity without hierarchical differences based on gender or social group. Anthropologically, this concept provides a foundation for human ethics, balanced relations between men and women, and the establishment of a just social order. This study also contributes to the development of Qur'anic anthropology by highlighting the relationship between the ontological view of humanity and the social structures built upon it.