The Nature of Khusu’ Perspective of Fakhir Al-Din Al-Razi in the Interpretation of Mafātīh Al-Ghayb

Abstract

Khushu' is one of the main components of prayer that is the key to achieving the virtues and benefits of worship, but is often understood simply as a term without in-depth meaning. Therefore, a comprehensive study of khushu' in the Qur'an is important. This study uses the perspective of Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghayb by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, who is widely known for discussing the aspects of verses in depth. The type of research used is a literature review, with data collection techniques through tracing, classification, and analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary data. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method using an interpretation approach. The results of the study show that khushu' in the Qur'an has three dimensions, namely related to worship activities, human conditions on the Day of Judgment, and the manifestation of God's power. In Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghayb, khushu' in QS. al-Baqarah verses 45–46 is interpreted as a feeling of humiliation and submission, which includes aspects of the heart and outer aspects. To achieve a state of humility in prayer, one needs to believe in the essence of worship, know God, be aware of the possibility that the prayer being performed may be one's last, hope for His goodness, and a sense of humiliation due to one's sins. Thus, humility in prayer is positioned as the highest form of devotional experience, leading a worshipper to the level of ihsan