Early Development of Islamic Civilization in the Time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW

Mia Alsifa; Putri Reskita; Salsabila; Olivia Eriska; Bunga Ratu Wahid; Pisdoni Mardianto

Authors

Mia Alsifa Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar Author
Putri Reskita Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar Author
Salsabila Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar Author
Olivia Eriska Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar Author
Bunga Ratu Wahid Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar Author
Pisdoni Mardianto Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar Author

Keywords:

Early Islamic Civilization, Meccan Medinan Da'wah, Social Moral Transformation

Abstract

The early development of Islamic civilization during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) marked a crucial transformation in the social, cultural, and spiritual life of Arab society. Pre-Islamic conditions—dominated by moral decline, tribal conflict, polytheism, and economic injustice—highlighted the need for value renewal. The prophetic message then introduced principles of monotheism, justice, and human dignity that reshaped societal perspectives. This research examines the development of Islamic society from the Prophet’s early da'wah in Mecca to the establishment of a civilized community in Medina. It focuses on changes in values, the formation of social order, and the Prophet’s strategies in building a just and inclusive community, while also considering the role of the Companions and societal responses toward Islam’s growth. Using a descriptive-historical method supported by primary sources such as sirah, hadith, and early historical records, along with secondary literature, the study analyzes events through source criticism, chronological reconstruction, and thematic interpretation. The results show that early Islamic civilization grew through stages of faith formation, moral strengthening, establishment of social rules, and community consolidation in Medina. Key elements such as the Medina Charter, the Prophet’s Mosque as a center of learning and governance, and strategic leadership provided a strong foundation for a new social structure. The study concludes that this formative period laid the essential moral and institutional groundwork for the advancement of Islamic civilization

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