The Origins of Minangkabau Society and the Process of Islamization from a Cultural History Perspective
Keywords:
Cultural History, Islamic Culture, Islamization, Local Tradition, Minangkabau SocietyAbstract
This study examines the origins of Minangkabau society and the process of Islamization from the perspective of cultural history. The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical development of Minangkabau identity, the interaction between local traditions and Islamic teachings, and the cultural transformation that shaped social life in West Sumatra. The study applies a qualitative method using historical and cultural approaches through literature review and document analysis. Data were collected from traditional manuscripts, historical records, scientific journals, books, and cultural narratives related to Minangkabau society and the spread of Islam. The findings indicate that Minangkabau society developed gradually through the influence of geographical conditions, trade networks, migration, and social interaction. The process of Islamization occurred peacefully through trade activities, educational institutions, and cultural adaptation conducted by Muslim traders and religious scholars. Islamic teachings were accepted because they were considered compatible with existing customary values such as social harmony, justice, and communal responsibility. The study also reveals that the integration between Islam and local traditions produced the philosophy “adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah,” which became the foundation of social and cultural life in Minangkabau society. Furthermore, the preservation of the matrilineal system demonstrates the ability of local culture to adapt to religious transformation while maintaining traditional identity. Overall, the study highlights the harmonious relationship between Islam and Minangkabau culture in shaping social identity and cultural continuity.
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