The Dialectic of Reason and Revelation in the Perspective of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion

Abstract

The relationship between reason (ʿaql) and revelation (waḥy) has remained one of the most fundamental issues in Islamic intellectual tradition and continues to attract scholarly attention within contemporary philosophy of religion. The increasing complexity of modern epistemological, ethical, and scientific challenges has intensified the need to reassess how reason and revelation interact in constructing a comprehensive religious worldview. This study aims to analyze the dialectical relationship between reason and revelation from the perspective of contemporary philosophy of religion by examining their epistemological functions, areas of convergence, and implications for modern Islamic thought. The research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, drawing upon classical Islamic scholarship, contemporary philosophical discourse, and recent academic literature. Data were analyzed through descriptive-analytical and critical-hermeneutic approaches to identify patterns of interaction between rational inquiry and revealed knowledge. The findings indicate that contemporary philosophy of religion no longer positions reason and revelation as opposing epistemic authorities but rather as complementary sources of knowledge that engage in a dynamic and constructive dialogue. Reason functions to interpret, contextualize, and critically examine revealed teachings, while revelation provides ethical guidance and metaphysical foundations beyond the limits of empirical rationality. This dialectical framework contributes to developing a more integrative Islamic epistemology capable of responding to contemporary intellectual and societal challenges. Future research is recommended to explore the practical application of this integrative paradigm in Islamic education, ethical decision-making, and interdisciplinary studies involving science, technology, and religion.