Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Coastal Ecosystems
Keywords:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Coastal EcosystemsAbstract
Climate change has had tangible and complex impacts on biodiversity and coastal ecosystems. Rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events have accelerated habitat degradation and threatened the survival of various coastal species, including marine organisms, mangrove forests, and coral reef ecosystems. These environmental changes also directly affect the socio-economic sustainability of local communities that depend heavily on coastal resources. This study aims to analyse the impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems, identify the most affected species, examine local community adaptation strategies, and provide relevant and applicable conservation recommendations. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and field documentation. The data were analysed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, with validation ensured through triangulation, credibility, and confirmability. The findings indicate that climate change significantly accelerates coastal ecosystem degradation and causes a notable decline in biodiversity. Although local communities have begun to adapt, their responses remain reactive and are constrained by limited access to information, resources, and institutional support. This study contributes theoretically to the understanding of the interrelationship between climate change and coastal ecology, and practically by offering community-based conservation strategies that are more responsive, inclusive, and sustainable. These findings highlight the urgency of integrating ecological, social, and policy perspectives in coastal conservation efforts to ensure the long-term resilience of both ecosystems and local livelihoods.
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