The Period of Islamic Prosperity and the Development of Science in the Abbasid Period
Keywords:
Science, The Abbasids, The Glory of IslamAbstract
The Abbasid period (750–1258 CE) marked the zenith of Islamic civilization, where the synthesis of knowledge from Greek, Persian, and Indian traditions produced a flourishing intellectual culture unparalleled in history. However, contemporary Islamic education has yet to fully integrate the epistemological values that underpinned this scientific and philosophical renaissance. This study aims to describe the characteristics and forms of scientific development during the Abbasid era, identify the main factors driving intellectual progress, analyze the contributions of Muslim scholars to global knowledge, and reveal the relevance of Abbasid intellectual values to modern Islamic education. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, the study analyzes 60 selected sources, including classical manuscripts and modern scholarly works, through a qualitative descriptive framework. The data reveal that Abbasid intellectual achievements were not solely products of economic prosperity or political stability, but the result of a deeply rooted knowledge culture that harmonized revelation (wahy) and reason (‘aql). The study concludes that the success of the Abbasid scientific movement stemmed from an ethical epistemology emphasizing intellectual humility, academic tolerance, and interdisciplinary inquiry. Theoretically, it reconstructs an integrative model of Islamic epistemology; practically, it offers a framework for reforming Islamic education to revive the spirit of intellectual creativity and moral responsibility. Thus, the Abbasid legacy serves as both a historical lesson and a transformative paradigm for contemporary Muslim scholarship
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