The Role of Ulama in Building Islamic Civilization during the Abbasid Dynasty A Study of Scientific Contributions. JIRE: Journal of Islamic Religious Education, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 2, p. 56–65, 2025. Disponível em: https://journal.zmsadra.or.id/index.php/jiren/article/view/102. Acesso em: 14 may. 2026.